“The Son of Man has come to seek and to save
that which was lost’ ” (Luke 19:10, NKJV).
From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible is a story of God
seeking after lost humanity.
Luke illustrates this truth by
using three important parables found in the 15th chapter of Luke:
The lost sheep (Luke 15:4–7),
The lost coin (vss. 8–10),
The lost son (vss. 11–32).
The mission of Jesus is a result
of God’s love and grace. “Where sin abounded, grace abounded much more” (Rom.
5:20, NKJV), and through this grace we find ourselves saved.
Let’s look at the
Lost Sheep and the Lost Coin.
The Parables of the Lost Sheep and the Lost
Coin (Luke 15:3–10) are the first two in a series of three. The third is the “lost
son” or the “prodigal son.” Just as in other cases,
Jesus taught these parables in a set of three to emphasize a point.
In
these three parables, what was the Pharisees problem with what Jesus was doing?
The Pharisees did not complain that Jesus was
teaching sinners.
The Pharisees thought themselves to be
righteous teachers of the law and all others to be wicked.
They could not condemn His preaching to
“sinners,”
They did think it was inconsistent with the
dignity of someone so knowledgeable in the Scriptures to “eat with
them”, in other words to associate with them.
What is the presupposition behind the statement of the
Pharisees, “this man welcomes sinners,”.
What is the significance of the opening statement in Luke
chapter 15?
To understand the significance we must
consider that the Jewish culture is a shame/honor-driven society that used
shame/honor in a way that developed a sort of caste system.
Everything that was done in the Jewish
culture either brought shame or honor.
The primary motivation for what and how
things were done was based on seeking honor for oneself and avoiding shame.
This was the central and all-consuming
preoccupation of all Jewish interaction.
What is the significance of this attitude that they had?
The Pharisees thought that if Jesus was actually
who He said He was, He would not be associating with these people.
They thought that this verified their claim that
Jesus was not the Messiah.
Jesus saw this
and used these three parables to explain who He was and what His mission on
earth was. Jesus identified Himself as
the owner of the lost and was
actively engaged in trying to find them.
In the parable of the Lost Sheep what does Jesus do to
His listeners?
Jesus invites His listeners to place themselves into the
story and does this by asking,
“Suppose one of you has a hundred sheep.”
In doing this Jesus is appealing to their
intuitive reasoning and life experiences as a Jewish people.
He was removing Rabbinical, religious reasoning
and placing the question in the realm of the common everyday person.
What did the Pharisees refuse to see?
As the story completes, the Pharisees in their
pride refuse to see themselves as the shameful “sinners,” that what Jesus was
talking about. Instead eagerly take the
honoring label of being the “righteous” people.
What did this do?
What is Jesus’s response to this attitude in regards to
what our mission should be as followers of Jesus Christ.
He responds that “There will be more rejoicing
in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons
who do not need to repent.”.
Jesus is pointing out that no matter how lost or
damaged a person may be, Jesus holds their salvation in higher regard then that
of people who claim salvation and feel they are better than the unsaved.
In these three parables, what was Jesus doing to the
attitudes of His listeners?
Jesus was turning His listeners’ understanding
of things upside down.
The Pharisees saw themselves as being the
beloved of God and the “sinners” as refuse.
Jesus uses the Pharisees’ prejudices against
them, while encouraging the sinners with one clear message.
What was that message?
That message is this:
God has a tender, personal concern for all human
beings.
God has a joyous love for individuals who are
lost (in sin) and are found (repent).
Jesus makes it clear that the Pharisees, who
thought they were close to God, were actually distant and those sinners and tax
collectors were the ones God was seeking after.
What conclusion can we draw from
this?
In Luke chapter 18 verse 14 Jesus says, “I tell
you that this man, rather than the other, went home justified before God.
Everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be
exalted.”
The Parable of the Lost Son.
What we need to do is to identify things that are in common
in these three parables. By doing this
we can gain more context to help us understand the significance of the main
elements in this story.
There is a progression of value in the three parables.
What are they?
In the first parable, one sheep is lost in a
flock of 100 sheep.
In the next parable, one silver coin in ten
silver coins is lost.
In the third parable, one Son out of two is lost.
The power of these
parables to reach the audience comes from the shame/honor
aspect of the Jewish culture.
What are these aspects?
To lose a sheep as a shepherd would be a very
shameful thing for the one tending the flock
A coin from a piece of bridal jewelry lost in
her own house would be even more shameful since it represented that she was
betrothed.
The lost son, was the worst shame of all for any
family in the Jewish culture.
What is the significance of this progression?
It is the progression from seeking after only 1 of 100
sheep, then 1 of 10 coins, then 1 of 2 sons.
Jesus was trying to show a personal familial relationship for all people in society by
relating these three parables. This
relationship was that:
Men and young boys would have related best to
the shepherd and the lost sheep.
All women would be able to related to the losing
a bridal coin.
Everybody present would understand the
relationship of a father and son.
Can someone outline the characters in the Parable of the
Lost Son?
The forgiving father is a picture of God. In
telling the story, Jesus identifies Himself with God in His loving attitude to
the lost.
The younger son symbolizes the lost, the tax
collectors and sinners of that day.
The elder brother represents the self-righteous the
Pharisees and teachers of the law of that day.
What is the major theme of this parable?
It is not the conversion of the sinner, but
rather the restoration of a believer into fellowship with the Father.
In the first two parables, the owner went out to look for
what was lost.
We see a progression through the three parables
from the relationship of one in a hundred, to one in ten, to one in one.
What does this demonstrate?
What important message should we take from this story?
The graciousness of the father overshadows the
sinfulness of the son, It is the memory of the father’s, Gods, goodness that
brings the prodigal son, the sinner, to repentance.
In these parables there is a lesson for everyone. What is this lesson?
It does not matter how far away from the throne
of God you are, how debased you are or what your motives are. Jesus describes how His Father will accept you.
“…But when he was still a great way off, his
father saw him and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him.”
But, for everyone, it requires somethings. What are they?
Recognition of fallen state - “I will arise and
go to my father, and will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and
before you” (Luke 15:18).
Confession of our sins - “…I am no longer worthy
to be called your son…”.
There is a second message represented by the second son,
what is it?
Even though you claim Jesus Christ as your
savior, you still can be “lost”.
Like the elder son, many make their home in the
Christian Church, yet their heart is in a “distant land” because
They are angry, constantly complaining instead
of looking for solutions to problems.
They have an air of self-righteousness because
they refuse to recognize that all human beings, no matter where they are in
their life, have the same value in the eyes of God.
The line in a song goes, “I once was lost, but now am found,
was blind, but now I see.” This verse as
part of that great hymn “Amazing Grace.”
What is the significance of this statement to all of us
as Christians today?
Being lost is the tragedy of all humanity, not
just the downtrodden or poor.
Because “all have sinned” (Rom. 3:23). Being
found is a privilege that is equally universal.
But what do we as Christians need to do?
We need to grasp this concept in faith and cling
to it as we in embrace of the the love of our heavenly Father.
Jesus asked Bartimaeus, “ ‘What do you want Me to do for
you?’ ” (Luke 18:41).
The question I have is, “What would you ask Jesus to do for
you today?”